This experiment examines the characteristics of the amplitude modulation am process. Modulation is a process by which some characteristics of the carrier signal like its amplitude, frequency or phase are varied in proportion to message signal. Check its amplitude, set it to 2 v pp by using the amplifier block. Jan 09, 2020 60 in high level amplitude modulation. The continuous wave modulation techniques are further divided into amplitude modulation and angle modulation. Pulse amplitude modulation is one of the kinds of modulation techniques used in signal transmission. Amplitude modulation is one of the earliest radio modulation techniques. Amplitude modulated signal can be represented by the following equation. Enabling practical surface acoustic wave nebulizer drug delivery via amplitude modulation article pdf available in lab on a chip 1411 april 2014 with 683 reads how we measure reads. Amplitude modulation occurs when the source level on a rotating blade varies significantly with position. For a perfect modulation, the value of modulation index should be 1, which implies the percentage of modulation should be 100%.
The kind of keying were interested in refers to which characteristic of the analog carrier signal is to be varied to represent the ones and zeros of a. Design and implementation of amplitude modulator and demodulator introduction communication is the most important needs from the very beginning of civilization. Because percentage of modulation relates to sound volume, it would make sense that a broadcaster would try to attain as high a percentage of modulation as practical. Am is widely used for the transmission of data in everything from short range wireless links such as wifi to cellular telecommunications and much more. When the power exceeds this level, saturation effects degrade performance. The demod ulation is performed by an envelope detector. Communication systemsamplitude modulation wikibooks, open. Types of modulation 6 flynnkatz 7810 analog modulation amplitude modulation, am frequency modulation, fm double and single sideband, dsb and ssb digital modulation phase shift keying. It is still in use today in a variety of systems, including, of course, am broadcast radio.
In this case the rotor blades pass through a turbulent boundary layer that extends over about onefourth of. The frequency of the modulation signal determines the rate of the frequency change from the center frequency. Frenzeljr, in handbook of serial communications interfaces, 2016. Quadrature amplitude modulation qam requires changing the phase and amplitude of a carrier sine wave.
The am diode detector offers simplicity and low cost. An am wave may thus be dscribed, in the most general form, as a function of time as follows. Transmitter and receiver are simple in amplitude modulation. Amplitude modulation circuit implementation for use in. Overmodulated am signals and its requirement for coherent detection are also considered. Amplitude modulation is mostly used in the form of electronic communication.
Optical modulation amplitude oma and extinction ratio 1 introduction the optical modulation amplitude oma of a signal. Practical circuitry is more likely to use a modulator, rather than the more idealised multiplier. The continuous wave modulation techniques are further divided into amplitude modulation and angle modulation a continuouswave goes on continuously without any intervals and it is the baseband message signal, which contains the information. It requires that the amplitude of the dc a part of a t is equal to the amplitude of the ac part a. Modulation allows us to transmit multiple signals in the same medium i. The circuit of figure 1 shows an am modulator circuit, whose carrier.
It was the earliest modulation technique used to transmit voice by radio. The amplitude of the fm signal is constant at all times and is independent of the modulation signal. From the optical receiver point of view, there is an upper limit on the optical power that can be received called the overload level. Vary the modulating frequency and amplitude and observe the effects on the modulated waveform.
In amplitude modulation the amplitude of high frequency sine wave carrier is. A continuouswave goes on continuously without any intervals and it is the baseband message signal, which contains the information. Amplitude modulation definition, types, solved examples. Thus completion of the experiment entitled dsbsc generation would be an advantage. To study and perform pulse amplitude modulation and demodulation. Amplitude modulation matlab tutorial amplitude modulation. The term keying is the legacy term from the times of telegraphy, when an operator would manually push keys to make short and long tones. Yet, am continues to be used today in many communication applications. Modulation and demodulation based interview questions and. Communication systemsamplitude modulation wikibooks. From basics to adaptive trelliscoded, turboequalised and spacetime coded ofdm, cdma and mccdma systems by l. The amplitude modulation receiver will be wider when compared to the fm receiver. The amplitude of the modulation signal determines the amount of the frequency change from the center frequency.
In this modulation, the amplitude of the carrier signal varies in accordance with the message signal, and other factors like. The depth of modulation can be varied using the variable knob provided at a. Abstract the aim of this paper is to practice the experiments with true mathematical modeling hardware, designed specifically for implementing various communication theories. In real systems, there are practical upper and lower practical limits on pavg and therefore oma. Practical approach to frequency modulation and demodulation. As ask is an amplitude modulation scheme, the modulated wave and the message signal has the same bandwidth. Here, an abrupt change in the amplitude is noticed according to the respective change in data bit. The math the mathematical relationship for amplitude modulation is simple and intuitive. Amplitude modulation refers to the process in which amplitude of the carrier wave is varied with the message signal. In amplitude modulation, it is the voltage level of the signal to be transmitted.
Doublesideband dsb an amplitude modulated signal in which the carrier is. One of the simplest schemes for wireless communication is amplitude modulation am. This is done to permit the use of a simple quantizing strategy for constructing the encoding signal. Am is a method of transmitting signals, such as sound or digital information, in which the amplitude. Amplitude modulation am is the technique in which the amplitude peaktopeak voltage of the carrier wave is varied as a function of time in proportion to the strength of the data signal. For download amplitude modulation practical manual click the button 1042016 1 polyphony is very noiselessly setti. Pulse amplitude modulation is the simplest form of modulation. Pdf enabling practical surface acoustic wave nebulizer. Before we study in detail about pam lets know the concepts of. Before we study in detail about pam lets know the concepts of modulation.
Today communication is the heart of the technology. These signals carry the information through modulation. One of the easiest ways to implement qam with hardware is to generate and mix two sine waves that are 90 degrees out of phase with one another. Amplitude modulation am is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave. Amplitude modulation is the simplest of the three to understand. Here well use the example of a square law fet as illustrated in figure 9. Optical modulation amplitude oma and extinction ratio. Amplitude, frequency and phase modulation can be applied directly by software to the generated signals, which gives great flexibility where complicated and precise waveforms are required. Repeat the experiment for different input signal and sampling frequencies. To study and perform frequency modulation and demodulation. In this type of modulation, the frequency of the carrier signal varies in accordance with the message signal, and other parameters like amplitude and phase remain constant. Amplitude modulationwhich of course is the origin of the term am radiovaries the amplitude of the carrier according to the instantaneous value of the baseband signal. Amplitude modulation and demodulation objective amplitude modulation am is one of the simplest methods for modulating a sinusoidal carrier wave.
The second is to investigate classical analog amplitude modulation and the envelope detector. Pulse amplitude modulation is the basic form of pulse modulation. Jul 30, 2019 amplitude modulation is used in computer modems, vhf aircraft radio, and in portable twoway radio. The amplitude modulation is called amplitude shift keying ask, when the data signal is a digital signal.
What is modulation 2 modulation in the modulation process, some characteristic of a highfrequency carrier signal bandpass, is changed according to the instantaneous amplitude of the information baseband signal. Frequency division multiplexing, fdma amplitude modulation and demodulation. Delta modulation in delta modulation dm, an incoming message signal is oversampled to purposely increase the correlation between adjacent samples of the signal. Effectively it is formed by having two carriers 90 out of phase. This method is capable of producing nearly 100% modulation with reasonable linearity. Amplitude modulation article about amplitude modulation. Bandwidths limit is also big advantage for amplitude modulation, which doesnt have in frequency modulation.
The demodulation is performed by an envelope detector. Notice that the sine wave will move up and down as the dc is varied, its mean value equalling the dc value. Multiple choice questions and answers on amplitude modulation. Because, atmospheric propagation is good for amplitude modulated signals. The message signal is, for example, a function of the sound to be reproduced by a. Basic concept of modulation the information source typically a low frequency signal referred to as the baseband signal carrier a higher frequency sinusoid example. Amplitude modulation an overview sciencedirect topics. It is often called as am and is commonly used in transmitting a piece of information through a radio carrier wave. Pulse amplitude modulation is a technique in which the amplitude of each pulse is controlled by the instantaneous amplitude of the modulation signal.
Thus, the scheme allows data transmission in case of low or medium data rate rather than the high data rate. Set g so that the sinewave peaks just fall to zero. An amplitude modulated signal is composed of both low frequency and high frequency. To study and perform amplitude modulation and demodulation. Understanding reflections and standing waves in rf circuit design. Collector modulation method is high level amplitude modulation c. Bpsk, qpsk, msk frequency shift keying, fsk quadrature amplitude modulation, qam.
It is a modulation system in which the signal is sampled at regular intervals and each sample is made proportional to the amplitude of the signal at the instant of sampling. Modulation is done at high power of carrier and modulating signal b. Download look ahead based sigma delta modulation pdf ebook look ahead based sigma delta modulation look ahead based sig. The transmitter just uses the information signal, v m t to vary the amplitude of the carrier, v co to produce a modulated signal, v am t. Amplitude modulation is defined as the process in which the amplitude of the carrier wave ct is varied about a mean value, linearly with the baseband signal. The message signal amplitude must be small and must have a dc component equal to zero in order to use simple demodulation schemes. Amplitude modulation am is a modulation technique where the.
Amplitude modulation and demodulation electrical and computer. A unified practical approach to modulation classification in cognitive radio using likelihoodbased techniques ahmed o. Experiment 1 design of conventional amplitude modulator. Amplitude modulation article about amplitude modulation by. You will construct a chopper modulator to generate am. Indian institute of technology kanpur ee 381 electrical. Power amplifiers are used to boost the carrier and modulating signals before modulation d. This gives us something to modulate and carry the information pattern from. Implementing an amplitude demodulator with a product detector. Matlab tutorial amplitude modulation how to generate amplitude modulation am using matlab. Pdf enabling practical surface acoustic wave nebulizer drug.
What is amplitude modulation, am electronics notes. It is strongly suggested that you examine your text book for other methods. The receivers used to listen to amdsbc are perhaps the simplest receivers of any radio modulation technique. The proposed project requires the student to apply communications theory to a practical. Name three parameters of the carrier that can be varied to produce modulation. Mar 05, 2019 quadrature amplitude modulation qam requires changing the phase and amplitude of a carrier sine wave. The maximum percentage of modulation is 100%, which represents maximum. From the optical receiver point of view, there is an upper limit on the optical power that can be received called the. The diode detector has been used for many years for detecting or demodulation signals using amplitude modulation, am. Among the types of modulation techniques, the main classification is continuouswave modulation and pulse modulation. The percentage modulation can be calculated using the formula. As illustrated in figure 5, the amplifier is biased class c and the output rf signal amplitude is modulated by causing the collector supply voltage to vary with the modulation voltage.
This type of modulation technique is used in electronic communication. In amplitude modulation, the amplitude signal strength of the carrier wave is varied in proportion to that of the message signal being transmitted. Pulse amplitude modulation pam theory of and its applications. Sep 29, 2016 matlab tutorial amplitude modulation how to generate amplitude modulation am using matlab.
These form some of the main uses of amplitude modulation. Practical guide to radiofrequency analysis and design. Modulation and demodulation based interview questions. Amplitude modulation is a process by which the wave signal is transmitted by modulating the amplitude of the signal. Modulation is the process of altering the characteristics of the amplitude, frequency, or phase angle of the highfrequency signal in accordance with the instantaneous value of the modulating wave.
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